Poultry Processing machines

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Poultry Processing machines

Chicken processing machines are used by slaughter houses to process chickens into sellable cuts and portions. A poultry processing machine will kill, de-feather, and debone your chicken. It will also cut the chicken into salable portions. A slaughter house should not be on the same property as a broiler house or chicken layer house. The chance of disease is too great – not to mention the fact that the smell will cause much distress to your live birds, which will in turn affect your production figures.

If you are doing broilers on your farm – or layers, you do not really want to start processing chicken meat on the same premises – not matter how fancy your processing equipment is. The chances of disease crossing over to your chicken house is just too great. Even small farms who take small batches of broilers across to slaughter houses have problems when they are miles apart. In rural areas you will often find that the chicken farmer is also doing the slaughtering – and without any fancy equipment – they slaughter by hand and pluck by hand. They then pack and clean in the same room – not great – but that is how it goes in poorer rural areas. All of this is totally unmonitored – I doubt any official will have ever visited the facility to check on health issues and cleanliness issues. While on a small scale this may not result in any problems it is still a concern for the community – they of course know nothing about the condition of the poultry processing plant – if you could call it that. The chicken farmer will say nothing – both operations belong to the farmer. What the farmer does not realise is that he or she is not doing them selves any favours – the chances of either his broilers getting sick – or of contamination to his chicken meat, are very high – and after a few months of slaughtering any facility without stainless steel counters and concrete floors is going to become a real bacteria farm. With no record keeping – manuel or computerised, tracing the supply chain just is not going to happen. Poultry software is not something the farmer even knows about – how can the farmer even think about software when they do not have electricity to even run a computer.

The chicken farmer would do much better to allow a proper facility with poultry processing machines and chicken processing machines do the job -  slaughter equipment is expensive though – and in the backwaters of South Africa money is scarce – the volumes required to make a god profit on a slaughter house are just to high to set up such a business – with the result being that the farmer must do the job themselves. Transporting the flock that is ready for slaughter a few hundred kilometers is just not an option – and naturally there is the return trip with the processed chicken. Government will do well to supply grants for processing equipment and slaughter houses – especially as they cannot monitor what happens in rural areas – they cannot even monitor what goes on in large processing plants in larger cities and towns. WIth the challenges of no running water, no rubbish collecting services, no electricity at all in most rural areas it is no wonder that enterprising farmers are handling the whole supply chain – from growing the chickens, slaughtering and packing the chicken meat and then selling directly to the public. While this is a fact of farming in rural areas it does not remove the threat to the customers – no testing or refrigeration through these processes means that at some stage or another someone is going to get sick – and when they do there is going to be very little done in finding the source of the illness – if indeed it is at all possible to trace the food and the supplier – most of the packaging is done without branding and all of it is done without sell by dates and other legal information that should be on all packaging.

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Can chickens be in the rain?

When you are doing free range chickens and organic chickens the hens are allowed outside – they can move freely from the chicken house into the field around the house. While this is great in some aspects – it is a real pain in others – when it rains the chickens often do not move back into the poultry house. They stand around in little groups in the rain.

Rain does not harm the chickens initially – but when the sun comes out the birds move into the shade. Chickens do not like sun on their comb. If it is rainy season the chickens do not ever dry out properly – and this can be a problem. When you do put the wet chickens in the poultry house they begin to steam – and this is where respiratory problems start. The best thing to do is to herd your chickens back under cover when it begins to rain – especially when you are having rain every day. With day old chicks you must make sure that they do not get wet – the chick down will only keep a limited amount of water out – and with a slight wind the baby chicks will die. If you day old chicks have arrived in cardboard chick boxes - get them inside as soon as possible if it is raining. Make sure they are under the gas heater if they have got wet.

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Layer Poultry House

A layer poultry house is specifically designed for laying hens. The layer chicken house will be higher than a broiler house, and will have  larger poultry curtaining openings. The reason for the extra height is so that double tier layer cages, triple tier chicken cages or battery cages will fit.

Insulated chicken house for egg production

Layer house in Brits

The reason for the larger curtains and side wall spaces is that these chickens or hens will live a long time in the house, and will only be placed when they are at point of lay (about 18 weeks). They will live in the structure for about sixty weeks before they start to lay less and less eggs – after that they will be sold for their meat – “hard chicken’ as meat from older chickens are known as is well liked by the local population in South Africa. The layers will be crowded into layer cages and will need all the air and cooling they can get. In hot climates you will also need poultry fans to help with ventilation. Different types of chicken houses and poultry equipment depending on the types of chicken farming you are doing.

This layer house has a front porch and fancy cooling sliding door. The door of the poultry house allows the farmer the choice of completely closed or open with covered mesh – this is fantastic for hot regions as the airflow through the door helps tremendously with the cooling of the structure – cross ventilation fans that can be moved or swiveled in any direction help with the overall air flow.

Layer cage in a poultry house in Brits

Layer cages being installed

The chicken house is insulated with sisalation and has lights installed on a timing system. An electrician will need to be contracted to do the wiring. Lights are very important when raising chickens – whether they are broiler chickens or layer chickens – even broiler/breeder farms make use of lights. Keeping the lights on at certain times will increase the amount of eggs your chickens lay, and will cause broilers to eat more – thereby increasing growth rate. Care needs to be taken with lights and broilers as you do not want your chicken to grow more quickly than the strength in it’s legs. It is a 30m x 7m poultry house and has layer cages inside. It was custom built on the site in Brits and is part a project that will finally have 4 houses, silos, a cross auger system to carry chicken food and a gantry that holds a mono rail to move the eggs to the sorting house. An egg grading machine is planned. (this egg grader will weigh and grade the eggs – fancier machines even wash the eggs, and then the chicken eggs will be packed into cartons or egg boxes. The steel structure took 14 continuous days to build working from 5am – 6pm, weekends included. It is a real beauty and was built on the concrete slab that was laid by the chicken farmer.Laying your own slab can save you a lot of money – it should be re-enforced with steel wire reinforcing, and be at least 150mm thick. The slab should be at least one meter bigger all the way around, than the actual footprint of the steel structure – this allows the rain coming of the roof to land on concrete and not wash the ground away. A plastic groundsheet can be used in place of a concrete slab – a lot cheaper, but not ideal. Although, in a layer house, it is definitely a cost saving option.

It has poultry fans, and lights, water tank, chicken curtains, and layer cages. This is a great example of how a poultry house should be built – the chicken house was built by Chicken Shack Agencies and is the largest Yellow Door House built. It sets the standard for small poultry houses and is probably the best example in South Africa. The layer cages are installed with nipple drinkers and the cages can hold up to 7 chickens at a push. The chicken farm is located in Brits and a map to the farm can be found at Yellow Door Poultry Houses.

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Gas heaters for chickens

Heating a chicken house is easy – there are several ways to do it. Gas heaters are the cheapest. Electric heaters are good but expensive, and the last option is a heatco – a coal fired heater that still needs electricity to run – and a real planet buster.

Chicken heater

GAs Brooder

By far the best option is a gas brooder where you can get instant heat and control your supply of power – not relying on expensive, erratic electricity. Gas heaters are sold in South Africa by Chicken Shack Agencies. – www.chickenshack.co.za – poultry houses, broiler houses and layer houses. What equipment do you need in a chicken house?

 

Before you place your chicks in the poultry house you should pre heat the house with your gas brooder. The gas heaters will take a few hours to warm the shavings – once the shavings are warm you can place you chicks under the poultry heater.

gas heaters, how to heat a chicken house, who sell brooders in South Africa?

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What is candling an egg?

Egg candling is the way you check the inside of an egg for flaws and blood spots. You can also candle an egg to check the progress of a peep – or to see if the egg is growing into a chicken. Candling an egg does not harm the egg or the peep (baby chicken inside the egg). You can also see the quality of the egg shell – if it is flawed or cracked – which often happens to floor eggs in a chicken house. There is very little difference to be seen in a free range egg or a production egg.

To candle an egg is very simple – shine a very bright LCD torch or lamp under the chicken egg – best done in an darkened room. Hold the egg big side down and at about a 45 degree angle – and rotate it slowly looking for signs like blood spots, eggshell quality and fertilisation. Egg candling is practised by chicken farms that are selling eggs to the public and by poultry farmers who need to see how well their fertised eggs are doing. How to candle an egg? What is egg candling?,

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What is a floor egg?

Floor eggs are eggs that have been laid on the floor in a chicken house. Laying hens in a layer house have nest boxes in which to lay eggs. When the hen lays the egg on the floor they are called floor eggs. These chicken eggs are graded as B grade eggs when classified for going to the hatchery. Floor eggs sometimes pick up virus and do not hatch a top quality day old chick – which is used in broiler chicken farming. When you buy day old chicks make sure you are getting grade A day old chicks – they grow better and they grow more quickly – are less prone to disease and your mortality rate will be lower. Taking poultry courses in South Africa will help you with learning all about chicken farming and poultry farming. Courses on offer include poultry management.

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What do I feed free range chickens?

Free range chickens get fed no differently from chickens raised in intensive chicken farming.  What you feed free range chickens though is not the same as what you feed organic chickens. Organic chickens require a special diet made up from what you grow on your farm and organic chicken feed that you buy in.

free range chicken food

Each bird must have 1 square meter of space

Free range chickens have the benefit of being able to forage and scratch for natural food – bugs, worms, seeds and anything else they can find while being outside. It is good to give any chickens natural food like lucerne and spinach – but there are no regulations about what to feed a free range chicken. The only criteria to calling you chicken free range is that it has at least one square meter to itself in the great scheme of things – if you keep 100 free range chickens they must have access to 100 square meters of space – this does not mean that where they sleep needs to be that large – they will prefer to perch and roost close to each other. There are a few methods of giving you chickens food – tube feeders are the most popular, but any method that saves food from waste and allows the chickens access to chicken food all the time is good. How do I feed chickens covers many aspects if you are doing large scale poultry farming – there are several sizes of chicken houses and depending what size will determine what  automatic chicken feeding systems you use in South Africa.

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Nest Boxes for chickens and hens

Nest boxes, or nesting boxes, for chicken houses or hens houses are used in laying houses. The are a series of galvanised steel boxes that are for hens to lay eggs. They are off the ground and can fit one hen per slot. You can buy nest boxes that have different numbers of holes or slots. Nest boxes for chickens usually have two tiers and a place for the hens to climb up into the nest box.

chicken nest boxes

Nest boxes

If you are using layer cages you will not need nest boxes – layer are used in battery farming and are not legal in many countries. The better way to farm chicken eggs is in a chicken house with nest boxes. The nest box must be galvanised and the steel used in the nest box should be thicker than 0.8mm – you can buy cheap nest boxes that use thinner metal – but they will rust through quite quickly – and remember that nest boxes are not cheap – they start at aboout R2300 (US$330). Choose a good poultry equipment supplier and you should have no problems. In Chicken nest boxes you can have 1 bay or hole per 5 hens.

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Chicken House Sizes

We are able to custom construct a steel hen house for you. This article shows you exactly what dimensions house you need in order to house the actual quantity of chickens you wish to be able to raise. Steel chicken sheds come in many various measurements and materials. Based upon exactly how many hens you wish to fit in the house we can certainly build a house in order to suit your needs.

steel buidings for poultry farming

Small Farmer chicken house

All of our chickwn houses come with the following equipment. Further down you can find out exactly what size chicken house you will need to place the amount of chickens you would like to cultivate. Our poultry sheds are built out of robust metal angle iron and also clad in 0.3mm galvanised sheets. The smaller sized houses make use of 25mm angle iron and the bigger houses use 30mm x 300mm angle iron. We have worked on the industry norm of 15 birds per sq. metre however this can be increased upward to twenty one hens per sq . using correct poultry management and attention. We can additionally make use of heavier steel sheeting as well as angle iron if you desire. We also provide insulating material for poultry houses.
For a simple method – (quantity of birds you would like to farm (B)) divide by (amount of chickens per sq . metre (Q)) = (square meters house required (S)) - B ÷ Q = S – example: 2000birds ÷ 15 birds per meter = 133 square meters.
Or if you have a house and want to see exactly how many birds you can place – ( Length (L) x Width (W) = Sq . meters) x (quantity of chickens per sq . meter (Q)) = Total amount of birds (T) (L X W) x Q = T – example: (30m x 6m) x 15 birds per meter = 2700 within the actual house. You can then take a look at the land area you have and choose on the actual right dimensions.
Equipment Description 1 21m x 3m Galvanized Poultry House with structure and roofing 2 21m x 1.6m
Complete curtain system with winching equipment
Tube Feeders
Automatic ballast broiler drinker
4lt. Chick Fond for day old broilers
Day old scratch trays
200lt Main header tank with all overhead piping
Min/Max Thermometer -40 to 40 degrees
G8 Gasolec brooder with regulator. 10 23Lt.
Foot bath for bio-security
The number of chickens you can fit in a poultry house depends on how much space you have. Below are some of the standard size chicken sheds we make. Look for how many birds you can fit in the house and then you can decide what size poultry house you want.Then you can start with the other details – like what and how to feed chickens – layer mash, starter etc.
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